Quantifying Antiquity Integrated Constructibility Model (ICM)

Input / variable

Quarry productivity trial

Source / author

NOVA This Old Pyramid trial (Lehner/Hopkins)

Year

1992

Value used

1.4 man-days/block

Use type

Transformed

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Iron tools, <1 t blocks; scaling factors are engineering judgment.

Input / variable

Ropemaking benchmark

Source / author

Chatham Royal Dockyard - PRIMARY ATTRIBUTION UNVERIFIED

Year

1798

Value used

274 men

Use type

Direct

Confidence

Medium

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM - 274 men not traced to a primary record. Circulates in secondary summaries of the 1798 dockyard establishment (1,664); Ropeyard workforce recorded separately by the Navy Board, so accounting basis unconfirmed. Pin task: Coad, J.G. (1969) Chatham Ropeyard, Post-Medieval Archaeology 3, pp. 143-165, or NMM ADM/B muster returns.

Notes

Hand-era ropeyard benchmark. Input re-badged ASSUMPTION at v0.68. Ropewalk length (346 m) and first-rate rope requirement (~50 km) are separately pinned; only the headcount is unverified.

Input / variable

Worker village capacity

Source / author

Lehner 2002, "The Pyramid Age Settlement of the Southern Mount at Giza," JARCE 39:27-74; Lehner 2015, "Labor and the Pyramids," in Steinkeller & Hudson (eds.), Labor in the Ancient World, ISLET, pp. 397-522 (sight-verified); Lehner & Tavares 2010, pp. 171-216

Year

var.

Value used

~25,000 persons - RE-BADGED ASSUMPTION (generous): ceiling set at top of mainstream workforce range (SRC-NOVA-WORKFORCE); published excavated-capacity arithmetic (gallery complex) is smaller. The claim that any smaller ceiling worsens M2 is WITHDRAWN (MR-22, v0.89). B32 is both the numerator of the village ratio and the capacity it is compared against, so the settlement overshoot reduces algebraically to on-site roster / B31 and does not move with the ceiling at all; implied village and M3 move in direct proportion, so a smaller ceiling lowers the burden. Measured: 15,000 -> M3 194,679; 25,000 -> 533,234.

Use type

Direct

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM - needs exact AERA publication/page

Notes

AERA/Lehner worker-town capacity. Treat 25,000 as the project's stated ceiling rather than a page-pinned published capacity.

Input / variable

Harbor basin / delivery point

Source / author

Lehner 2020, "Lake Khufu: On the Waterfront at Giza," in Barta & Janak (eds.), Profane Landscapes, Sacred Spaces, Equinox, pp. 191-292; short form Lehner 2014, AERAGRAM 15.1-2:13-23; corrob. Sheisha et al. 2022, PNAS 119

Year

2020

Value used

basin at plateau edge

Use type

Context anchor

Confidence

Medium

Page / table / figure

Lake Khufu / Lehner 2020 PDF - page verification needed

Notes

Use as context anchor only until exact figure/page is tied to workbook input.

Input / variable

Nile channel distance

Source / author

Lehner / GPMP reconstruction

Year

var.

Value used

~1 km east of village

Use type

Context anchor

Confidence

Medium

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM - GPMP/Lehner page verification needed

Notes

Channel distance remains context anchor; exact value needs map/page citation.

Input / variable

Water transport practice

Source / author

Wadi el-Jarf papyri / Merer diary

Year

2013+

Value used

boat deliveries to basin

Use type

Context anchor

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

Tallet / Wadi el-Jarf publication needed

Notes

Use Merer as delivery-practice context only; not a complete logistics model. SHARED ID BY DESIGN: row 82 also carries SRC-MERER. Both rows describe the SAME source - the Merer diary - entered twice for two uses: this row for delivery practice, row 82 for river operations, crew organization and cadence with its own page pins. CitationControl_34 row 11 tracks them as one citation, and the three cells share one stored string. The id is deliberately not unique; do NOT rename either row to make it so - a rename in place would silently retag all three.

Input / variable

Sinai copper output ceiling

Source / author

Slag ~100,000 t: Abdel-Motelib et al. 2012, Metalla 19.1/2; Hauptmann 2007; Rothenberg 1987. Metallic copper ~5,000 t: Bachmann calculation

Year

var.

Value used

5,000-5,500 t all-time; slag mostly LBA/New Kingdom, so the OK-era ceiling is lower - the all-time figure is generous to the mainstream as used

Use type

Direct

Confidence

Medium

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM - verify archaeological citation/page

Notes

Bir Nasib total output needs primary/archaeometallurgy citation; PorterGeo/Petrie can be interim trail only.

Input / variable

Old Kingdom national population

Source / author

Butzer 1976, Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt, Univ. of Chicago Press, p. 83, Table 4 ("Hypothetical demographic development in ancient Egypt"); ch. 7, pp. 81-98; fig. 13, p. 85; open-access ISAC/Oriental Institute PDF

Year

1976

Value used

1.6 million at 2500 B.C. (p. 83 row sight-verified 2026-07-11); the source itself labels the table "hypothetical" - carried as a stress-test denominator, sensitivity at 2.0M/2.5M in ClosureSensitivity_45

Use type

Direct

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

Table 4, p. 83 (page carries no printed number; bracketed by 82 and 84) / PDF p. 98

Notes

Table 4 lists total population of 1.6 million for 2500 B.C.; Butzer cautions demographic values are hypothetical working estimates, not census figures. URL and stress test are documented in KingdomCapacity_17.

Input / variable

Work calendar / absence

Source / author

Deir el-Medina ostraca, e.g. BM 5634

Year

NK

Value used

10-day week, rest days, absences

Use type

Pattern anchor

Confidence

Medium

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

New Kingdom evidence applied cautiously to Old Kingdom.

Input / variable

Worker mortality

Source / author

Giza worker cemetery skeletal studies (Hawass, workers cemetery report; skeletal analysis credited there to Azza Mohamed Sarry El-Din and Fawziya Hussein, National Research Centre, Cairo). Formal publication: Sarry El-Din, A.M. (2003) "Skeletal Remains from the Workers' Cemetery at Giza", in Hawass (ed., with Lyla Pinch Brock), Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century: Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Egyptologists, Cairo 2000, Vol. 2 (History, Religion), Cairo: AUC Press, pp. 397-404.

Year

var.

Value used

male death 30-35; healed fractures; arthritis

Use type

Direct

Confidence

Medium

Page / table / figure

Vol. 2 (History, Religion), pp. 397-404. SIGHT-VERIFIED 2026-09-03: volume, page range and editor confirmed by owner; the 30-35 male age-at-death range confirmed verbatim in the Hawass workers' cemetery report - "Many of the men died between age 30 and 35." Closes the prior PARTIAL / NOT SIGHT-VERIFIED status. Note a second, similar Sarry El-Din paper sits in the same proceedings ("Anthropological Differences between Workers and High Officials from the Old Kingdom at Giza"); do not attach this page range to that one.

Notes

Drives replacement multiplier; skeletal aging caveat remains.

Input / variable

Household size

Source / author

Kemp; Kahun archaeology

Year

var.

Value used

avg 6, range 5-8 per house

Use type

Transformed

Confidence

Medium

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Transformed to project household/dependent assumptions.

Input / variable

Block mass range

Source / author

Mainstream literature

Year

var.

Value used

2,500-3,000 kg

Use type

Direct

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Default 3,000; steelman 2,500.

Input / variable

Build duration

Source / author

Mainstream Khufu reign framework

Year

var.

Value used

~20-30 years depending scenario

Use type

Direct/derived

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Workbook cadence currently tied to selected duration assumptions.

Input / variable

Plateau lift / basin to base

Source / author

Site topography

Year

var.

Value used

~40 m

Use type

Direct

Confidence

Medium

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Needs published elevation anchor.

Input / variable

Sinai expedition composition

Source / author

Mining inscriptions

Year

var.

Value used

parties of several hundred

Use type

Context anchor

Confidence

Medium

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Mostly later evidence; Dyn 4 installations noted.

Input / variable

Material-balance rule

Source / author

Engineering / accounting principle

Year

n/a

Value used

same output cannot be spent twice

Use type

Methodology

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

n/a

Notes

Required output assigned to the pyramid is unavailable to non-pyramid uses.

Input / variable

Track wetting water

Source / author

Engineering judgment / friction-moisture requirement

Year

n/a

Value used

L/m2/hr lever

Use type

Judgment

Confidence

Medium/Low

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Water volume included; labor chain pending.

Input / variable

Food system partial status

Source / author

Model method

Year

n/a

Value used

grain/fuel included; full diet pending

Use type

Methodology

Confidence

Medium

Page / table / figure

n/a

Notes

Prevents double counting of village processing labor.

Input / variable

On-site domestic/process water

Source / author

Engineering judgment / minimum human-support allowance

Year

n/a

Value used

5+2+3 L/person/day default

Use type

Judgment / sensitivity

Confidence

Medium/Low

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Quantified in HumanRequirements_20; can be loaded into main M3 via WaterFeedback_21 algebraic carrier feedback toggle.

Input / variable

Off-site project-support household water

Source / author

Engineering judgment / local-regional water footprint

Year

n/a

Value used

5 L/person/day default

Use type

Judgment / sensitivity

Confidence

Medium/Low

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Quantified as local/regional footprint, not Giza-delivered water.

Input / variable

Remote expedition/camp water

Source / author

Engineering judgment / remote labor camp burden

Year

n/a

Value used

8 L/person/day default

Use type

Judgment / sensitivity

Confidence

Medium/Low

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Input lever reserved for future separation of Sinai/mining/expedition camp water.

Input / variable

Universal human requirements control

Source / author

Model methodology

Year

n/a

Value used

Every counted person carries support needs

Use type

Methodology

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

n/a

Notes

Requires food, water, rest/absence, replacement where applicable, and household support to be assigned or explicitly marked as coverage gap.

Input / variable

Domestic water carrier feedback solution

Source / author

Model methodology

Year

n/a

Value used

algebraic carrier-village-water solution

Use type

Methodology

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

n/a

Notes

Solves feedback between domestic/process water, water carriers, on-site rostered labor, and implied village population without circular spreadsheet formulas.

Input / variable

Youth light-support credit active

Source / author

Modeling concession

Year

2026

Value used

YES

Use type

Steelman concession

Confidence

Medium/Low

Page / table / figure

Workbook methodology

Notes

Recognizes likely intermittent youth household assistance without treating children as full adult labor.

Input / variable

Youth light-support credit rate

Source / author

Modeling concession

Year

2026

Value used

5%

Use type

Steelman concession

Confidence

Medium/Low

Page / table / figure

Workbook methodology

Notes

Bounded at 5%; higher values require separate youth labor department assumptions.

Input / variable

Youth water-carrying productivity factor

Source / author

Engineering judgment

Year

2026

Value used

40% adult-equivalent

Use type

Sensitivity check only

Confidence

Low

Page / table / figure

Open item

Notes

Used only to estimate implied youth headcount for credit magnitude.

Input / variable

Water infrastructure alternatives

Source / author

Model methodology

Year

2026

Value used

replacement-burden gate

Use type

Methodology

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

WaterInfraAlt_27

Notes

Alternative water-delivery claims are not allowed to reduce M3 carrier burden unless the replacement system is assigned and cost-loaded.

Input / variable

Canal/depot/well/storage/animal/boat water options

Source / author

Open source item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Requires archaeological, geomorphic, textual, or engineering source support before any alternative is integrated into main totals.

Input / variable

First-order water-relief scenarios

Source / author

Model sensitivity

Year

2026

Value used

0-90% reduction scenarios

Use type

Sensitivity only

Confidence

Medium/Low

Page / table / figure

WaterInfraAlt_27

Notes

Shows approximate first-order carrier relief only; not a main-model change until replacement burden and feedback are solved.

Input / variable

Food farmer-household feedback

Source / author

Model methodology

Year

2026

Value used

positive farmer surplus required

Use type

Methodology

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

FoodFeedback_28

Notes

Agricultural labor cannot be added as free surplus; farmer households must be supported before project surplus exists.

Input / variable

Farmer productivity / hectares per farmer

Source / author

Open source item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

FoodFeedback_28 shows current 1.5 ha/farmer and 1.2 t/ha/yr assumptions do not generate positive surplus after household support.

Input / variable

Food transport/distribution/reserve system

Source / author

Open source item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Need sourced treatment for local/off-site provisioning, Giza delivery, storage/spoilage, seed reserve, bad-flood buffer, and administrative distribution.

Input / variable

Sanitation/basic medical support

Source / author

Model methodology

Year

2026

Value used

required-function diagnostic

Use type

Methodology

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

SanitationMedical_29

Notes

Waste handling, cleaning, and basic care are required functions for a large worker village; sheet is diagnostic only, not main-model integration.

Input / variable

Sanitation/medical/cleaning labor rates

Source / author

Open source item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

First-order rates in Inputs_03 B122:B124 are placeholders until sourced or replaced by an explicit archaeological/engineering mechanism.

Input / variable

Processing/fuel/container support

Source / author

Model methodology

Year

2026

Value used

required-function diagnostic

Use type

Methodology

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

ProcessingFuelContainers_30

Notes

Food, water, and fuel streams require processing, containers/handling gear, fuel, storage, and distribution; control only, not main M3 integration.

Input / variable

Container capacity / breakage / replacement

Source / author

Open source item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Need sourced or explicitly engineered assumptions for jars, baskets, sacks, skins, breakage, production, replacement, kiln/fuel burden, and transport.

Input / variable

Oven/brewery fuel collection and transport

Source / author

Open source item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

FoodSystem_13 quantifies fuel mass/woodland footprint; labor, route, collection, storage, and fuel-delivery burden remain open.

Input / variable

Timber required-function gate

Source / author

Model methodology

Year

2026

Value used

replacement mechanism required

Use type

Methodology

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

TimberSystem_31

Notes

Any timber reduction must identify the replacement mechanism and cost-load labor/material/transport/feedback.

Input / variable

Structural timber stock in service

Source / author

Open model item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Requires WBS inventory for sleds, planks, levers, cribbing, anchors, boats, workshops, repair stock.

Input / variable

Structural wood suitability / service life

Source / author

Open source item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Need species, size, grade, reject, service life, and competing-use treatment for cedar/acacia/tamarisk/sycamore/palm/non-wood materials.

Input / variable

Snefru cedar import comparator

Source / author

Palermo Stone / royal annal tradition

Year

Old Kingdom

Value used

40 ships (SOURCED) / ~68.6 m3/ship, ~2,745 m3 total comparator (ASSUMPTION, generous-high)

Use type

Context / comparator

Confidence

Medium

Page / table / figure

Wilkinson, Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt: The Palermo Stone and its Associated Fragments, Kegan Paul, 2000, pp. 141-145

Notes

Ship count (40) is sourced to the cited pages. Per-ship volume (~68.6 m3/ship, ~2,745 m3 total) is an assumption, deliberately generous-high: a larger comparator volume shrinks demand ratios, favoring the conventional scenario. Used only as comparator/source-control line; does not establish project availability or eliminate procurement/fabrication burden.

Input / variable

Timber procurement/fabrication/transport labor

Source / author

Open model item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Woodcutters, carpenters, sawyers, haulers, boat crews, repair crews, households, food, water, and feedback not integrated.

Input / variable

Ramp required-function gate

Source / author

Model methodology

Year

2026

Value used

replacement mechanism required

Use type

Methodology

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

RampSystem_32

Notes

Ramp claims must be treated as route/lift/access systems with geometry, materials, surface maintenance, traffic capacity, and removal/rework burden.

Input / variable

Ramp geometry / volume / phasing

Source / author

Open model item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Requires selected ramp type, footprint, grade, width, turns, staging, final-course access, and phasing before quantitative integration.

Input / variable

Ramp construction/maintenance productivity

Source / author

Open source item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Inputs_03 B159:B161 are placeholders until source/engineering basis is assigned.

Input / variable

Ramp traffic capacity / surface treatment

Source / author

Open model item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Need lane width, passing/return paths, staging, surface friction/wear, maintenance, water/timber/paving, and repair disruption treatment.

Input / variable

Citation/source-control method

Source / author

Internal model-control rule

Year

2026

Value used

Load-bearing sources ranked by citation status and page/URL completeness

Use type

Methodology

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

CitationControl_34

Notes

v0.40 adds source-status controls; no model value changes.

Input / variable

Annual-yield agricultural producers

Source / author

Internal model-control rule

Year

2026

Value used

Annual crop yield is yearly output; roster factor 1.0

Use type

Prevents double-counting farmer availability

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

FoodFeedback_28 / Model_04 B124,B128

Notes

Accounting/control rule; annual-yield producers differ from standing project-service crews.

Input / variable

Internal model-control rule

Source / author

2026

Year

Mobilization-capacity bands

Value used

50k-500k capacity-band table; 150k reference screen

Use type

State-capacity stress-test framing

Confidence

Not a source/census claim; 9.375% is arithmetic only

Page / table / figure

KingdomCapacity_17

Notes

Replaces single-cutoff framing.

Input / variable

Heit el-Ghurab / Giza worker settlement

Source / author

AERA

Year

var.

Value used

Worker town / provisioning context

Use type

Capacity-screen rationale

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

https://aeraweb.org/projects/lost-city/

Notes

Supports organized provisioning; does not set a 150k ceiling.

Open source: https://aeraweb.org/projects/lost-city/

Input / variable

Mainstream Giza workforce comparator

Source / author

PBS NOVA / Lehner-Hawass context

Year

var.

Value used

20,000-30,000 laborer search context

Use type

Comparator

Confidence

Medium

Page / table / figure

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/pyramid/explore/builders.html

Notes

Public NOVA workforce context; use only as comparator, not as direct source for model calculations.

Open source: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/pyramid/explore/builders.html

Input / variable

Old Kingdom production-consumption network

Source / author

Redding 2013, "A Tale of Two Sites," in De Cupere, Linseele & Hamilton-Dyer (eds.), Archaeozoology of the Near East X, Peeters, pp. 307-322 (sight-verified); companion: Redding 2016, in Wenke, Redding & Cagle (eds.), Kom el-Hisn, Lockwood Press, pp. 139-203

Year

2013

Value used

Kom el-Hisn / Heit el-Ghurab production-consumption model; author's stated conclusion: "labour, not land, must have been the limiting factor"

Use type

Provisioning context

Confidence

Medium

Page / table / figure

https://aeraweb.org/projects/lost-city/

Notes

AERA page lists Redding citation; formal publication details/page still needed for white paper.

Open source: https://aeraweb.org/projects/lost-city/

Input / variable

Preindustrial agrarian surplus/intensification logic

Source / author

Boserup

Year

1965

Value used

Agrarian output is constrained by labor, seasonality, and intensification

Use type

General framework

Confidence

Medium

Page / table / figure

https://www.biw.kuleuven.be/aee/clo/idessa_files/boserup1965.pdf

Notes

General agrarian-surplus framework only; not a numerical limit or Egypt-specific ceiling.

Open source: https://www.biw.kuleuven.be/aee/clo/idessa_files/boserup1965.pdf

Input / variable

Internal WBS gate

Source / author

2026

Year

Shaping/fitting/setting scope

Value used

Quarry copper is not final fitting/setting copper

Use type

Prevents hidden scope loss

Confidence

Future module requires external productivity/tool support

Page / table / figure

Internal QA

Notes

Future integration remains required.

Input / variable

Internal diagnostic method

Source / author

2026

Year

Shaping/setting quantified diagnostic

Value used

Direct labor + roster + diagnostic population + copper/tool burden, not integrated

Use type

Makes pending scope visible

Confidence

Internal method; source/productivity gaps remain open

Page / table / figure

ShapingSetting_33

Notes

v0.41 diagnostic only; not a historical productivity claim.

Input / variable

Shaping/setting productivity basis

Source / author

Open source item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Need sourced or explicitly bounded productivity for final trim, setting/alignment, casing-equivalent work, rework, and copper wear before M3 integration.

Input / variable

Casing stone count/equivalent-unit treatment

Source / author

Open source/model item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Define casing-equivalent units, finishing scope, Tura transport split, and relation to shaping/setting before M3 integration.

Input / variable

Internal integration gate

Source / author

2026

Year

ShapingSetting_33 M3-readiness review

Value used

Diagnostic quantified; integration rejected pending gates

Use type

Prevents premature M3 integration

Confidence

Internal control

Page / table / figure

ShapingSetting_33 A79:G96

Notes

v0.42 control only; no headline model-value change.

Input / variable

Final fitting/setting copper-tool wear

Source / author

Open source/model item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM

Notes

Quarry loss proxy remains placeholder; final fitting/setting tool wear may differ and must be sourced or bounded.

Input / variable

Shaping/setting person-category and support feedback

Source / author

Open model item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

PersonCategoryMatrix_22 / WaterFeedback_21 / FoodFeedback_28

Notes

Before M3 integration, new crews need roster, household, water, food, sanitation, and processing treatment.

Input / variable

Internal diagnostic method

Source / author

2026

Year

Structural timber stock/replacement screen

Value used

Base active stock + annual replacement + gross cumulative procurement screen

Use type

Makes pending timber dependency visible

Confidence

Internal method; source/productivity gaps remain open

Page / table / figure

TimberSystem_31

Notes

v0.43 diagnostic only; not a historical timber inventory claim.

Input / variable

Structural timber WBS inventory

Source / author

Open model item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

TimberSystem_31 A80:G91

Notes

Need source/bounds for sled rigs, ramp/track surface modules, anchors, levers, cribbing, boats, workshops, and repair reserve.

Input / variable

Structural timber service life / turnover

Source / author

Open source/model item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

TimberSystem_31 A94:G100

Notes

Annual turnover is sensitivity-only until use-class service life is sourced or bounded.

Input / variable

Species, grade, dimensions, conversion/reject rates

Source / author

Open source item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

SourceRegister_01 / CitationControl_34

Notes

Need cedar/acacia/tamarisk/sycamore/palm suitability, member sizes, reject rates, cut loss, handling loss.

Input / variable

Timber procurement/fabrication/transport labor

Source / author

Open model item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

PersonCategoryMatrix_22 / WaterFeedback_21 / FoodFeedback_28

Notes

Woodcutters/import crews, carpenters, haulers, repair crews, boat/harbor handlers require roster/household/support feedback before M3.

Input / variable

Timber transport boat/harbor recursion

Source / author

Open model item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

Future river/harbor module

Notes

Structural timber procurement may require boats/harbor/repair timber and creates a feedback dependency.

Input / variable

Internal diagnostic method

Source / author

2026

Year

Ramp material/traffic/removal diagnostic

Value used

Volume screens + material mass + construction/maintenance/removal labor + diagnostic population

Use type

Makes pending ramp-system burden visible

Confidence

Internal method; source/geometry gaps remain open

Page / table / figure

RampSystem_32

Notes

v0.44 diagnostic only; not a selected historical ramp reconstruction.

Input / variable

Ramp material source / placement method

Source / author

Open model item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

RampSystem_32 A114:G126

Notes

Need material source, extraction, hauling, placement, compaction, stabilization, and double-spend treatment.

Input / variable

Ramp/track surface maintenance method

Source / author

Open model item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

RampSystem_32 / TimberSystem_31 / RouteCapacity_12

Notes

Bare surface, wet surface, planking, paving, sleepers, mats, drainage, rut repair, and disruption need selected treatment.

Input / variable

Ramp removal / cutback / rework / final-access phasing

Source / author

Open model item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

RampSystem_32 A102:G104 / A114:G126

Notes

Define whether ramp remains, is absorbed, is cut back, is removed, or is reconfigured during casing/final access.

Input / variable

Ramp crews person-category and support feedback

Source / author

Open model item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

PersonCategoryMatrix_22 / WaterFeedback_21 / FoodFeedback_28

Notes

Ramp builders, maintainers, material handlers, traffic crews, and removal crews need roster, households, water, food, sanitation, processing, and administration before M3.

Input / variable

Ramp route traffic and staging model

Source / author

Open model item

Year

n/a

Value used

TBD

Use type

Open item

Confidence

Open

Page / table / figure

RouteCapacity_12 / RampSystem_32

Notes

Need lane width, passing/return paths, staging, repair stops, turns, upper-course congestion, and simultaneous-team operations.

Input / variable

Internal integration gate

Source / author

2026

Year

RampSystem_32 M3-readiness review

Value used

Diagnostic quantified; integration rejected pending gates

Use type

Prevents premature M3 integration

Confidence

Internal control

Page / table / figure

RampSystem_32 A114:G126

Notes

v0.44 control only; no headline model-value change.

Input / variable

Diagnostic integration governance

Source / author

Internal model-control rule

Year

2026

Value used

DiagnosticIntegration_35 roll-up / readiness matrix

Use type

Methodology

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

Internal QA

Notes

Diagnostic burdens are not additive headline totals; M3 entry requires readiness gates and feedback treatment.

Input / variable

Compatibility-safe canonical value table

Source / author

Internal model-control rule

Year

2026

Value used

ModelAnchors_36

Use type

Cross-sheet reference hardening

Confidence

Internal control

Page / table / figure

ModelAnchors_36

Notes

Visible anchors favored over broad named-range conversion until Numbers round-trip behavior is proven.

Input / variable

Excel/Numbers compatibility and external integrity gate

Source / author

Internal model-control rule

Year

2026

Value used

CompatibilityControl_37

Use type

Canonization control

Confidence

Internal control

Page / table / figure

CompatibilityControl_37

Notes

Round-tripped files require external error-token scan before canonization.

Input / variable

Status basis tags

Source / author

Internal model-control rule

Year

2026

Value used

LIVE / POLICY / MANUAL(date) / EXTERNAL(date)

Use type

Prevents hardcoded status sprawl

Confidence

Internal control

Page / table / figure

QAChecks_08 / CompatibilityControl_37

Notes

Status cells must disclose whether they are live, policy, manual review, or external scan result.

Input / variable

Sheet-name compatibility rule

Source / author

Internal model-control rule

Year

2026

Value used

≤28 characters

Use type

Excel/Numbers name-drift prevention

Confidence

Internal control

Page / table / figure

CompatibilityControl_37

Notes

Long water-infrastructure sheet renamed WaterInfraAlt_27.

Input / variable

Maximum documented OK mobilization

Source / author

Autobiography of Weni, 6th Dyn tomb inscription, Abydos (Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature Vol. I)

Year

c. 2300 BC

Value used

'army of many tens of thousands', levied 5x

Use type

Comparator

Confidence

Medium

Page / table / figure

Lichtheim, AEL Vol. I, pp. 18-23 (The Autobiography of Weni) - verify against physical copy

Input / variable

OK military character (expeditionary levies)

Source / author

Palermo Stone royal annals, Snefru register (Wilkinson, Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt, 2000)

Year

c. 2600 BC

Value used

7,000 Nubian captives, 200,000 cattle; temporary levies, no standing army

Use type

Context

Confidence

Medium

Page / table / figure

Wilkinson 2000, PS recto Snefru register (r.VI); translation section pp. 85ff - verify compartment against physical copy

Input / variable

River transport operations anchor

Source / author

Diary of Merer, Papyrus Jarf A/B, Wadi al-Jarf (Tallet, Les Papyrus de la Mer Rouge I, 2017)

Year

c. 2560 BC

Value used

40-man phyle in ~200-man gang (pp. 15-17; log validation pp. 40-41, Sections AII, BI-II); 2-3 round trips/10-day week (pp. 23-25); ~70-80 t loads, 10-15 blocks x 2-3 t (pp. 25-26); 5-month window. All sight-verified 2026-07-11. English secondary: Tallet & Lehner 2022, The Red Sea Scrolls; harbor terms: Lehner 2020, "Merer and the Sphinx," Guardian of Ancient Egypt II, pp. 895-925

Use type

Direct

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

Tallet 2017, Papyrus Jarf A/B - page verification OPEN ITEM

Input / variable

Working-age physically fit male cohort share

Source / author

Demographic synthesis - model life tables for high-mortality agrarian populations; no single source

Year

n/a

Value used

0.24 of total population (~0.50 male x ~0.48 working-age-fit) - ASSUMPTION, taken high; sensitivity 20-30% in ClosureSensitivity_45

Use type

Lever / denominator basis

Confidence

Medium

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM - requires citation hardening (model life table or published OK demographic estimate)

Notes

Ruling 2026-07-10 fixes this as the prime-age male cohort used by both NationalClosure_41 Test 1 and DemographicClosure_46. Sex-neutral "able-bodied" labels corrected in v0.66. Numerator is male-scoped, so the denominator is male-scoped.

Input / variable

Processing state of imported Old Kingdom cedar at delivery

Source / author

Palermo Stone entry (Wilkinson, Royal Annals, 2000, pp. 141-145) records ships of cedar wood without specifying processing state. Survey targets for the source-side capacity question: Mumford, Egypt in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Old Kingdom: An Archaeological Perspective; Francis-Allouche & Grimal, "The Maritime Approaches to Ancient Byblos (Lebanon)", JEMAHS 4:2-3 (2016), 242-277. Reading caveat: Scalf, "Rereading the 7th Count of Snefru in the Palermo Stone", GM 220 (2009), notes the initial column is difficult and has drawn various interpretations.

Year

c. 2600 BC (record); modern surveys

Value used

UNATTESTED - no source-side conversion installation is reported in the sources surveyed to date; primary reading task open. Supports MR-07 leg 2. Counter-datapoint: Wenamun (New Kingdom, ~1100 BC) describes timber supplied as stem-posts and keels.

Use type

Ruling support / comparator basis

Confidence

Low

Input / variable

Allowable bearing capacity at the Giza delivery-end transfer (floodplain / harbor basin)

Source / author

OPEN - no source pinned. Value 15,000 kg/m2 (~147 kPa) sits at the generous end of published soft-saturated-soil ranges. Scope narrowed to the Giza delivery end in v0.72 per ruling MR-03: Aswan is First Cataract granite bedrock and is not described by this lever. Target: a geotechnical reference for Nile floodplain alluvium, plus the Giza harbor literature on whether the delivery-end transfer point was a prepared or built surface.

Year

n/a

Value used

15,000 kg/m2 - ASSUMPTION, taken high (favourable to the conventional scenario). Was badged SOURCE without a register entry until v0.71; badge corrected. Scope corrected in v0.72 - value unchanged.

Use type

Lever / Gate 3 denominator

Confidence

Low

Input / variable

Hull dimensions of a heavy granite-carrying barge

Source / author

OPEN - no Old Kingdom heavy-cargo hull is attested with dimensions. Working comparator is the New Kingdom Hatshepsut obelisk barge, roughly 63 x 21 m in the common reconstruction, which is itself contested and is a thousand years later than the Khufu reign. Targets: Naville, Deir el-Bahari; Landstrom, Ships of the Pharaohs; the Khufu ship publication for Old Kingdom hull construction limits.

Year

n/a

Value used

60 x 13 m modelled (Inputs_03!B197/B198) - ASSUMPTION, taken generous. A LARGER hull reduces deck movement and favours the conventional scenario, so the comparator is used as a magnitude, never a ceiling.

Use type

Lever / Gate 4b transfer stability

Confidence

Low

Input / variable

Imported vs native share of structural timber by use class

Source / author

OPEN - the model carries a single 50% imported share (Inputs_03!B180) across all timber. Egypt lacks structural softwood, so structural-grade members are the imported stream while sledges, cribbing and shuttering could plausibly be native acacia. Targets: Old Kingdom carpentry and timber-species studies; Khufu ship publication for species by component.

Year

n/a

Value used

0.50 flat - ASSUMPTION, generous to the conventional account. A higher structural-import share raises the literal cedar requirement.

Use type

Lever / timber import basis

Confidence

Low

Input / variable

Total Aswan granite mass in the Great Pyramid

Source / author

Hemeda, S. & Sonbol, A. (2020). "Sustainability problems of the Giza pyramids." Heritage Science 8:8, p.2: "8000 tons of granite were imported from Aswan located at more than 800 km away... The largest granite stones in the pyramid, found above the King's chamber, weigh 25 to 80 tons each." Repeated by Scheuring (2025), npj Heritage Science 13:473, ~3,000 m3 / 8,000 t, citing Hemeda & Sonbol - a secondary publication of the same estimate, not independent corroboration.

Year

2020

Value used

8,000 t (SOURCED). A stated figure in a geotechnical paper, unreferenced and underived - registered Medium, not High. Governs the mass-transport block at GraniteAswan_42 rows 57-82; the 30-piece heavy-load subset is inside it.

Use type

Load basis / mass-transport throughput

Confidence

Medium

Input / variable

Aswan-Giza river corridor distance

Source / author

Geographic measurement of the Nile course between the Aswan granite quarries and the Giza harbour basin. Corroborated in the granite literature: Hemeda & Sonbol (2020), Heritage Science 8:8, p.2 place Aswan "more than 800 km away" (registered as SRC-GRANITE-MASS).

Year

n/a

Value used

890 km each way (Inputs_03!B193; Assumptions_02 row 94). A geographic constant, not a lever: DEFAULT, CONSERVATIVE and STEELMAN all carry 890. Distinct from the overland quarry-to-riverbank leg at Inputs_03!B189.

Use type

Corridor distance / round-trip duration

Confidence

High

Page / table / figure

Hemeda & Sonbol 2020 p.2 for the >800 km corroboration

Notes

Split from SRC-MERER in v0.86 (ruling MR-16). Merer documents the Tura-Giza run of ~17 km and Red Sea operations from Wadi al-Jarf; it does not measure the Aswan corridor. SRC-MERER continues to carry the phyle size, gang structure, cadence, documented boat load and the 150-day window.

Input / variable

Carry distance, harbour basin to pyramid base (avg)

Source / author

No publication was found, in the sources reviewed for this model, that states how the workforce's water was supplied - no Old Kingdom well, cistern, or water-supply installation serving the Giza workforce, and none identifying the harbour basin as the supply point. The basin's position at the foot of the plateau IS published and independently corroborated (SRC-LAKE-KHUFU, Lehner 2020; Sheisha et al., PNAS 119, 2022). The 900 m is a geographic measurement anchored on that published basin geometry, not a figure taken from any source.

Year

n/a

Value used

900 m - ASSUMPTION, anchored measurement. STEELMAN mode carries 600 m, which is a generosity bracket rather than a measured alternative distance.

Use type

Lever / carrier trip-cycle distance

Confidence

Low

Page / table / figure

n/a - no publication states this distance, so no page is owed on this row. Basin-position provenance sits with SRC-LAKE-KHUFU, whose page item is open on its own row.

Notes

Feeds the carrier trip cycle at Model_04 B76/C76/D76 and nothing else. The vertical leg of the same route is SRC-PLATEAULIFT. REVERSAL CONDITION: if an Old Kingdom water source nearer the base is published, the carry distance falls and this input should be re-run at that distance. Deliberately NOT exposed as a public lever (owner ruling 2026-09-03) - varying it would be a hypothetical unsupported variable. Claims that closer water reduces this burden are handled at WaterInfraAlt_27 rows 29-30 and paper section 7.2: the replacement system must carry its own excavation, lining, maintenance, evidence and feedback burden before it reduces the carrier total.

Input / variable

Sinai expedition overhead ratio (support personnel per miner)

Source / author

Not a sourced ratio and not an estimate of actual overhead. Old Kingdom Sinai expedition inscriptions record parties of several hundred with miners a fraction of the party, indicating overhead well above 1:1; no single publication is pinned. The 1:1 is a declared cap.

Year

n/a

Value used

1.0 support person per miner - ASSUMPTION, generous. Overhead beyond 1:1 is excluded by declaration at Exclusions_11 row 19 ('Security/garrison; Sinai expedition overhead beyond 1:1', partially priced, 'Only selected expedition overhead is included').

Use type

Lever / expedition overhead basis

Confidence

Low

Page / table / figure

OPEN ITEM - inscriptional corroboration not page-pinned.

Notes

Feeds Model_04 B55 (expedition overhead: soldiers, admin, camp). Paper section 7.10 reports 70 miners and 70 overhead. Because the excess is excluded rather than estimated, the model UNDERSTATES expedition burden by construction.

Input / variable

Annual leave + festival days

Source / author

Not a single-source figure. Composed from modern regional labour practice plus documented Old Kingdom festival observance. Modern side pinned 2026-09-03 to Egyptian Labour Law No. 12 of 2003: 21 working days paid annual leave after one year of service, rising to 30 days at age 50 or after ten years' service, with official public holidays separate and capped at 13 days a year (Minister of Manpower and Immigration Decision No. 112 of 2003, amended by Decision No. 49 of 2009). Statutory modern time off is therefore ~34 days minimum and ~43 days for a long-service worker. Ancient calendar corroboration at SRC-CALENDAR (Deir el-Medina ostraca: 10-day week, rest days, absences).

Year

2003

Value used

40 days/yr - ASSUMPTION, planning value. Sits inside the modern Egyptian statutory range (34-43), so it is close to the modern norm rather than an inflated figure. STEELMAN mode carries 30, which is BELOW the modern statutory minimum and therefore concedes more than modern practice would give.

Use type

Lever / workforce availability basis

Confidence

Medium

Page / table / figure

Egyptian Labour Law No. 12 of 2003, annual-leave provisions; Ministerial Decision No. 112 of 2003 for the public-holiday cap. NOT SIGHT-VERIFIED against the statute text - taken from secondary summaries of the law, 2026-09-03. Pin task: confirm article numbers against the primary text.

Notes

Feeds Model_04 row 109 (leave + festival + disruption days) and the effective delivery figure at row 111. METHOD: availability is floored at documented modern regional labour practice; assuming ancient labour exceeded modern availability requires justification (Objections_10 row 12). Paper section 12 records the floor as a disclosed concession independently corroborated by the IER study's 10-hour, 6-day calendar (SRC-ROSELLROIG-IER). The corroboration attaches to the floor; the 40 is the planning value above it. NOTE: the workbook note on the input says '~30 days off/yr' for modern practice, which understates the statutory minimum of ~34.

Input / variable

Sick/injury absence rate

Source / author

The rate itself is not published. Giza worker-cemetery pathology IS sourced - 67% healed fractures, 75%+ arthritis - and indicates morbidity well above a modern floor; provenance shared with SRC-MORTALITY (Hawass workers' cemetery report; Sarry El-Din 2003). The 8% is a modern floor applied against that evidence.

Year

n/a

Value used

0.08 - ASSUMPTION, generous. Disabling injury is excluded from the replacement multiplier entirely (Model_04 row 113, 'Disabling injury excluded - generous'), and medical support labour is unpriced (Exclusions_11 row 17).

Use type

Lever / attendance basis

Confidence

Medium/Low

Page / table / figure

No publication states an absence rate, so no page is owed for the rate. Pathology provenance sits with SRC-MORTALITY, which is page-pinned and sight-verified.

Notes

Feeds the attendance factor at Model_04 row 110. Paper section 12 records the injury exclusion as a concession. DIRECTION: the sourced pathology points to higher absence than 8%, so the modern floor understates the burden.

Input / variable

Workforce entry age

Source / author

Not a sourced figure. Entry age is a concession. The 3,000 reference pool was derived on an adult-entry basis of 20 (Inputs_03 B89), and granting entry at 15 rescales the pool across the wider working band to 4,200 (Inputs_03 B31 = 3,000 x (32.5 - 15) / (32.5 - 20)). Reference-pool provenance is JUDG-LABORPOOL-REF, which records it as generous to the conventional account and not sourced.

Year

n/a

Value used

15 - ASSUMPTION, concession granting full adult output at entry. Widens the effective labour pool from the 3,000 reference to the 4,200 adjusted pool, which favours the conventional account. Sensitivity 15/18/20 recorded on the input.

Use type

Lever / labour-pool scaling basis

Confidence

Low

Page / table / figure

n/a - no publication is claimed and none is owed. This is a declared concession, not a sourced value.

Notes

Granted in answer to the objection 'Children performed support roles' (Objections_10 row 13): carrier load scales with body mass, so the concession INCREASES required headcount. Replacement multiplier is DERIVED from this and cemetery mortality (Model_04 rows 112-113). The reference-versus-adjusted pool distinction is guarded at QAChecks_08 row 9 and Objections_10 row 16.